Exterior paint formulation

ABSTRACT

The present invention provides increased stain resistance, tannin blocking, adhesion, and various other properties. A composition in accordance with the principles of the present invention comprises at least two binders, nanoparticle pigment, and pigmentary titanium dioxide. In one embodiment, the present invention relates to a coating on a substrate wherein the coating has two binders, nanoparticle metal oxide pigment, and pigmentary titanium dioxide. Various additives may be included to formulate paint as known in the art.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to polymer resins. More particularly, thepresent invention relates to paints having a nanoparticle based pigmentand a plurality of binders.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Traditionally consumers have had to choose between the superiordurability offered by latex paints and the superior hiding properties ofoil-based paint. Conventional latex or emulsion paints require anunderlying primer coat prior to their application to provide an adequatelevel of blocking and to prevent bleed-through, such as of tannins. Inaddition, many conventional latex paints require a primer coat toprovide adequate adhesion and durability for specific applications.Often, even when a primer is applied, multiple coats of the prior artpaints are required to prevent an alteration of color due to thepresence of the primer or bleed through of dyes and pigments from theunderlying substrate. In fact, multiple applications of prior art paintwill not prevent bleed-through on substrates such as cedar since thedyes and pigments, such as tannins contained in the substrates, areoften water soluble and diffuse through each layer of the latex paint.

Paint typically contains four essential ingredients, namely pigment,binder, liquid and additives. Any or all of these ingredients may be asingle component or may comprise multiple items. Pigment provides colorto paint and also makes paint opaque, and pigment is usually of mineralor organic origin although some pigments are artificially produced. Somepigments possess little or no bulk and must be fixed on a more solid,but at the same time transparent, substance or base. “Prime” pigmentsprovide color and opacity (opaque coverage). The most common primepigment is titanium dioxide, which is white and is used in latex andoil-based paints.

Traditionally, pigments have also added hiding properties to paint.Specialty or extender pigments may also be used and provide bulk to thepaint at a low cost. The extender pigments are often chosen for theirimpact on properties like scrub resistance, stain resistance and chalkresistance. Alum or clay are frequently used for this purpose. Thesepigments are added to the paint to provide certain characteristics suchas thickness, a certain level of gloss and durability. They are usuallynaturally occurring products which originally were in the earth and weremined and purified for use in paint. Such pigments as calcium carbonate,talc and clay are, for example, used extensively in paints.

The binder holds the pigment and also adheres it to a surface, and abinder composition may have more than one component. In latex paint, thelatex resin is the binder. Most commonly in latex paint, the binder is100% acrylic, vinyl acrylic (polyvinyl acetate), or styreneated acrylic.The pigment particles are insoluble and merely form a suspension in thebinder. The binder “binds” the pigment into a tough, continuous film andas noted above helps the paint adhere to the surface. In addition, ithas been found previously that the use of 100% acrylic binder providesfor maximum adhesion when wet and also provides for resistance toblistering and peeling, resistance to mildew and dirt, and alkaliresistance for paint applied over fresh masonry.

Liquids carry the pigment and binders, and this liquid is the part ofthe paint or coatings product which evaporates. The role of the fluid isto keep the paint in a fluid form for ease of application. Once appliedto the surface it evaporates leaving a uniform film which then dries toform a protective coating. The liquid used is primarily determined bythe solubility of the binder. In oil-based and alkyd paints, the liquidis typically a paint thinner, and in latex paints, the liquid istypically water. Traditionally, top quality paints have less liquid andmore solids (i.e. pigment & binders) as measured by percent solid.

Additives are ingredients used at low levels to provide key properties,such as but not limited to: mildew resistance, better flow and leveling,and splatter resistance. Common additives used in conventional paintformulations include rheology modifiers, surfactants, defoamers,coalescents, and biocides. Other numerous additives are well-known inthe art and may be utilized as required to formulate a paint having thedesired properties.

Various techniques are known in the art for producing paints havingvarious types of sheens, i.e. “shine” or gloss. For example, byincrementally increasing pigment levels and/or by using larger pigmentparticles, various gloss levels can be achieved including, but notlimited to flat, satin, and semi-gloss. Pigment volume concentration(PVC) is often associated with the paint finish, although variousfinishes may have overlapping ranges of PVC. PVC is the unit volume ofpigments as a percentage of the volume of pigments plus the volume ofthe binder. PVC represents the relationship between durability of thecoating and the amount of pigment.

Thus, there is a need for a paint composition and method of making thesame to replace the traditional role of a primer and topcoat system andwhich is capable of providing a coating having improved properties suchas, tannin blocking, hiding power, stain removal, and corrosionresistance.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates generally to a binder composition and apaint system with superior tannin blocking, stain removal, corrosionresistance, adhesion, and various other improved properties. The presentinvention preferably includes a two binder system with an inorganicnano-particle pigment and with a pigmentary titanium dioxide. In oneembodiment, a paint composition in accordance with the principles of thepresent invention further includes additives for formulating paint. Inanother embodiment, the present invention relates to a coating on asubstrate that provides improved coverage through the use of at leasttwo binders, an inorganic nano-particle pigment and a pigmentarytitanium dioxide.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 depicts a multi-axis property graph of the test results of paintof the present invention having a satin sheen and white base, ascompared to commercially available exterior satin in a white base;

FIG. 2 depicts a multi-axis property graph of the test results of flatwhite base paint in accordance with the principles of the presentinvention, as compared to a commercially available exterior flat paintin a white base;

FIG. 3 illustrates a multi-axis property graph of the test results forsemi-gloss white base paint of the present invention versus acommercially-available, exterior semi-gloss paint in a white base;

FIG. 4 illustrates a multi-axis property graph for a flat white basepaint of the present invention versus a second commercially availableexterior flat paint in a white base; and

FIG. 5 illustrates a multi-axis property graph for a satin white basepaint of the present invention versus a second commercially-available,exterior satin paint in a white base.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

The present invention is directed in part to a polymer compositionwithin a paint system which replaces the traditional role of a primerand a topcoat with improved properties such as tannin blocking, stainremoval, adhesion, and corrosion resistance. In one embodiment, thepresent invention relates to a composition having a first binder, asecond binder, inorganic nanoparticle pigments, and in some cases athird binder. This composition can be used in a conventional paintformulation as known in the art.

Binders for use in the present invention include those prepared byconventionally known methods. Suitable binders include, but are notlimited to, 100% acrylic resins and styreneated, acrylic resins asmanufactured. Preferably, the first binder is a 100% acrylic resindesigned to be used as a primer vehicle, and the second binder is a 100%acrylic resin designed to be used in top coating applications.

Pigments for use in the present invention may comprise any suitablepigments known in the art. In one embodiment, the pigments of thepresent invention are titanium oxide or zinc oxide but other suitablepigments include nepheline syenite, bentonite, and calcium carbonate.Preferably, the primary pigment is titanium dioxide, such ascommercially available pigments.

Metal oxide nanoparticle materials for use in a preferred embodiment ofthe invention have an average particle size of about 20-150 nanometers,although some embodiments can employ average sizes outside this range.In one preferred embodiment, the nanoparticle material is a zinc oxidematerial having an average particle size of about 60 nm.

A paint can be prepared in accordance with the principles of the presentinvention according to a number of known manufacturing methods.Generally, such methods involve the preparation of a binder or amultiple binder system, mixing of the additional ingredients, dispersingof the pigments, and adjusting the density and viscosity to desiredlevels. A variety of additives and diluents which are well known in theart can be mixed with the binders of the present invention to achievecertain properties in the paint or the coating. The additives mayinclude, but are not limited to, surfactants, defoamers, rheologymodifiers, coalescents, biocides, mildewcides, surfactants, and otheradditives well known in the art.

In one embodiment, a paint in accordance with the principles of thepresent invention is manufactured to a VOC (Volatile Organic Compounds)of 150 gr/L, including a 37% solid by volume, a 51% solid by weight, a34 PVC, and a 1.5 pigment/binder ratio.

The PVC of paint in accordance with the principles of a preferred formof the present invention may vary between 4-55 by weight. In oneembodiment of the present invention the paint is a “semi-gloss paint”,which has a relatively low PVC. In another embodiment of the presentinvention, the paint is a “satin paint”, which has a relatively highPVC. In another embodiment of the present invention, the paint is a“flat paint”, which has a relatively high PVC compared to satin paint.

Table 1 lists the general ranges of the main ingredients of a paint inaccordance with the principles of a preferred embodiment. The totalamount of polymer (i.e., binder) is preferably between about 30-60gallons per 100 gallons. The total amount of pigment, excluding theTiO₂, is preferably between about 15 and about 150 pounds per 100gallons. The TiO₂ content is preferably between 0 pounds per gallon andabout 360 pounds per 100 gallons. The preservatives comprise betweenabout 5 and about 8 pounds per 100 gallons. Additional additivescomprise approximately 50 and approximately 200 pounds per 100 gallons.Water comprises between about 50 and about 200 pounds per 100 gallons.The paint further includes additional solvent, aside from the watercontent of between about 30 and about 45 pounds per 100 gallons. TABLE 1Ingredients Range Pounds/100 Gallons Category Minimum Maximum Additive50.00 200.00 Polymer (resin) 450.00 635.00 Pigment 15.00 150.0 TitaniumDioxide 0.00 360.00 Preservative 5.0 8.0 Water 50.00 200.00 Solvent 0.0045.00 Total 600 1598 Volume % Solids 25 40 Weight % Solids 30 55 PVC 455

The preferred formulation process consists of two conventional steps:the grind and the letdown. During the grind, the solvent (water),dispersant, defoamer, zinc oxide, ethylene glycol, amino alcohol,nepheline syenite, attapulgite clay are mixed together. During theletdown, the binder, the mildewcide, the rheology modifier, and thebiocide, are added to the grind product.

The following non-limiting examples illustrate main components of thepaint formulations and the paint formulations themselves. Table 2provides the material ranges for the components of the paintformulations of Examples 1-4. TABLE 2 Raw Material Ranges Range in RawMaterial lbs/100 gal Water  70-220 Copolymer Dispersant 10-20 NanoParticle Inorganic Oxide  4-20 Zinc Oxide 0-7 Phosphated Co-EsterSurfactant 3-6 Mineral Oil Defoamer 4-8 Nepheline Syenite  10-305 Glycol 0-35 Rheology Modifier 15-30 100% Acrylic Primer Binder 340-430 100%Acrylic Topcoat Binder  70-100 Styrene Acrylic Topcoat Binder  0-180Coalescent  0-15 In-can Biocide 0.5-2   Mildewcide 6-8 Non-ionicRheology Modifier  7-25 Amino Alcohol 0-1 Titanium Dioxide  0-350Bentonite 0-6 Fluoro Surfactant   0-0.4 Opaque Polymer  0-110Attapulgite Clay 0-8 Non-ionic Surfactant 0-5 Calcined Diatomaceous 0-45

EXAMPLE 1 Semi-Gloss Finish

Example 1 was formulated using the basic components of Table 2, with thefollowing specific components: TABLE 3 Description Amount Weight % GrindWater 73.92 6.98 Copolymer Dispersant 15.02 1.42 Mineral Oil Defoamer2.00 0.19 Zinc Oxide 5.00 0.47 Nano Particle Metal Oxide 3.00 0.28Ethylene Glycol 32.00 3.02 Amino Alcohol 0.50 0.05 Non-ionic Surfactant4.00 0.38 Nepheline Syenite 10.00 0.94 Attapulgite Clay 5.00 0.47Letdown 100% Acrylic Primer Vehicle 410.65 38.77 100% Acrylic TopcoatVehicle 86.44 8.16 Mineral Oil Defoamer 3.00 0.28 TiO2 Slurry 297.0028.04 Coalescent 8.00 0.76 Associative RM 28.00 2.64 Non-ionic HEUR RM8.00 0.76 Opaque Polymer 58.80 5.55 Phosphated Co-ester Surfactant 1.000.09 Mildewcide 6.94 0.65 In-can Biocide 1.00 0.09

EXAMPLE 2 Satin Finish

Example 2 was formulated using the basic components of Table 2, with thefollowing specific components: TABLE 4 Amount Weight % Grind Water 45.354.06 Copolymer Dispersant 15.02 1.35 Mineral Oil Defoamer 3.00 0.27 NanoParticle Metal Oxide 15.00 1.34 Ethylene Glycol 37.00 3.32 Amino Alcohol0.50 0.04 Non-ionic Surfactant 2.00 0.18 Nepheline Syenite 105.02 9.41Attapulgite Clay 5.01 0.45 Letdown 100% Acrylic Primer Vehicle 410.6036.82 100% Acrylic Topcoat Vehicle 86.43 7.75 TiO2 Slurry 294.32 26.39Coalescent 8.00 0.72 Phosphated Co-ester Surfactant 1.00 0.09Associative RM 25.00 2.24 Non-ionic HEUR RM 4.00 0.36 Opaque Polymer50.05 4.49 Mildewcide 6.94 0.62 In-can Biocide 1.00 0.09

EXAMPLE 3 Flat Finish

Example 3 was formulated using the basic components of Table 2, with thefollowing specific components: TABLE 5 Amount Weight % Grind Water 25.272.18 Ethylene Glycol 22.55 1.95 Non-ionic Surfactant 2.00 0.17 CopolymerDispersant 15.3 1.32 Zinc Oxide 4.92 0.42 Nano Particle Metal Oxide 4.920.43 Amino Alcohol 0.98 0.09 Mineral Oil Defoamer 1.97 0.17 NephelineSyenite 94.7 8.18 Attapulgite Clay 7.92 0.68 Phosphated Co-esterSurfactant 3.87 0.33 Letdown TiO2 Slurry 350.02 30.26 Water 82.22 7.1Calcined Diatomaceous Earth 44.28 3.82 100% Acrylic Primer Vehicle285.04 24.64 100% Acrylic Topcoat Vehicle 60.02 5.19 Opaque 105.79 9.15Coalescent 7.87 0.68 Associative RM 18.81 1.63 Mildewcide 6.82 0.59Mineral Oil Defoamer 3.94 0.34 Non-ionic HEUR RM 6.43 0.56 In-canBiocide 0.96 0.08

EXAMPLE 4 Flat Finish

Example 4 was formulated using the basic components of Table 2, with thefollowing specific components: TABLE 6 Amount Weight % Grind Water 19721.15 Ethylene Glycol 30 3.22 Non-ionic Surfactant 1.00 0.85 CopolymerDispersant 8.0 0.86 Nano Particle Metal Oxide 8.0 0.86 Mineral OilDefoamer 6.0 0.64 Nepheline Syenite 90.0 9.64 Bentonite 6.0 0.64 LetdownOpaque 4.0 .43 100% Acrylic Primer Vehicle 366.0 39.3 100% AcrylicTopcoat Vehicle 77.0 8.27 2^(nd) Acrylic Topcoat Vehicle 82.0 8.8Coalescent 5.0 0.54 Associative RM 18.0 1.9 Mildewcide 6.92 0.74Non-ionic HEUR RM 25 2.68 In-can Biocide 1.0 0.1

Adhesion Testes

Various adhesion tests were performed to determine the adhesionproperties of a paint in accordance with the principles of the presentinvention on different substances. The results of the tests compare apaint of the present invention to a typical, commercially-availablepaint and primer system sold for exterior use, and these tests arepresented in Table 7. TABLE 7 Adhesion Test Results Rated by ASTM D3359Paint Formu- lation Acrylic Acrylic of the Exterior Exterior Adhesionpresent Primer* Topcoat* Test Test Condition invention (Control)(Control) Alkyd green overnight, dry/wet 5B/4B 5B/4B 5B/5B grayovernight, dry/wet 5B/5B 5B/5B 5B/5B Chalk blue latex overnight, dry/wet5B/5B 5B/4B 5B/5B panel Wood Cedar overnight, dry/wet 4B/5B 3B/3B 4B/5BOak overnight, dry/wet 5B/5B 5B/4B 5B/5B Redwood overnight, dry/wet5B/5B 5B/4B 5B/5B PT green overnight, dry/wet 5B/5B 5B/5B 5B/5B VinylSiding new vinyl overnight, dry/wet 5B/5B 5B/5B 5B/5B weatheredovernight, dry/wet 5B/5B 5B/5B 5B/5B vinyl Metals galvanized overnight,dry/wet 4B/5B 3B/3B 0B/0B steel 3 day, dry/wet 5B/3B 4B/4B 0B/0Baluminum overnight, dry/wet 2B/3B 3B/3B 0B/0B roll 3 day, dry/wet 4B/5B4B/4B 0B/0B Miscellaneous glossy black overnight, dry/wet 5B/3B 2B/0B0B/0B tile 3 day, dry/wet 5B/5B 5B/2B 0B/0B clay tile overnight, dry/wet5B/3B 1B/0B 1B/0B 3 day, dry/wet 5B/5B 5B/5B 3B/0B bull nose brickovernight, dry/wet 5B/0B 4B/0B 4B/0B 3 day, dry/wet 5B/0B 5B/0B 2B/0B*The control Acrylic Exterior Primer and Control Acrylic ExteriorTopcoat tested were at least comparable to those readily available onthe commercial market.

In addition, a battery of tests were performed to evaluate the overallperformance of a paint in accordance with the principles of the presentinvention at various sheens as compared to paints currently available inthe marketplace. As shown in the results in Tables 8 and 9, the paintprepared in accordance with the principles of the present inventionoutperformed all of the other paints in the respective category. TABLE 8Flat Sheen Benchmarking Composite Scores Super Exterior CommercialAcrylic Test Flat Flat** Possible Score Freeze-Thaw 1 0 2 Heat Stability1.5 3 3 Applied Holding 7.5 5 10 Leveling 5 0 5 Touch-up 7.5 10 10Drying Time 2 2 2 Sag Resistance 3 3 3 Roller Foam 3 3 3 Roller Spatter1 0.5 1 3 mil Contrast 20 6 20 Ratio Dry Adhesion 12 7.5 15 Blistering 99 9 Resistance Wet Adhesion 15 15 15 Water Spotting 2 2 2 Total Score89.5 66 100**The Commercial Acrylic Flat paint tested was at least comparable tothose readily available on the commercial market.

As seen in Table 9, the satin sheen of the present invention exhibitsimproved leveling, roller foam, contrast, and dry adhesion. TABLE 9Satin Sheen Benchmarking Composite Scores Super Commercial CommercialExterior Acrylic Silicone Acrylic Possible Test Satin Exterior Satin***Exterior Satin*** Score Freeze-Thaw 2 1 2 2 Heat Stability 3 3 3 3Applied 10 5 10 10 Holding Leveling 5 2.5 0 5 Touch-up 7.5 4 7.5 10Drying Time 2 2 2 2 Sag Resistance 3 3 3 3 Roller Foam 3 3 1.5 3 RollerSpatter 1 1 1 1 3 mil Contrast 20 20 14 20 Ratio Dry Adhesion 12 0 12 15Blistering 15 7 15 9 Resistance Wet Adhesion 9 15 9 15 Water Spotting 22 2 2 Total Score 94.5 68.5 82 100***The Commercial Acrylic Satin Exterior and Commercial Silicone AcrylicExterior Satin tested were at least comparable to those readilyavailable on the commercial market.

As illustrated in FIGS. 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, paint prepared in accordancewith the principles of the present invention exhibits improvements inadhesion, tannin blocking, stain removal, hiding power, and corrosionresistance. FIG. 1 depicts a multi-axis property graph of the testresults of paint of the present invention having a satin sheen and whitebase, as compared to commercially-available, exterior satin in a whitebase. Adhesion, yellowing, stain removal, hiding power, scrubresistance, corrosion, and tannin blocking were measured. FIG. 2 depictsa multi-axis property graph of the test results of flat white base paintin accordance with the principles of the present invention, as comparedto a commercially available exterior flat paint in a white base. FIG. 3illustrates a multi-axis property graph of the test results forsemi-gloss white base paint of the present invention versus acommercially available exterior semi-gloss paint in a white base. Allproperties were improved in formulations in accordance with theprinciples of the present invention with the exception of scrubresistance and yellowing, which showed a reduction. FIG. 4 illustrates amulti-axis property graph for a flat white base paint of the presentinvention versus a second commercially-available, exterior flat paint ina white base. All properties were improved in formulations in accordancewith the principles of the present invention. FIG. 5 illustrates amulti-axis property graph for a satin white base paint of the presentinvention verses a second commercially-available, exterior satin paintin a white base. All properties were improved in formulations inaccordance with the principles of the present invention.

While several embodiments have been shown and described in thisapplication, it is understood that changes and modifications can be madeto the invention without departing from the invention's broader aspects.

1. A paint composition comprising: a first acrylic primer binder ofabout 450 pounds per 100 gallons to about 630 pounds per 100 gallons; asecond acrylic topcoat binder of about 50 pounds per 100 gallons toabout 95 pounds per 100 gallons; and a nanoparticle-sized metal oxidepigment of about 2 pounds per 100 gallons to about 20 pounds per 100gallons, wherein the paint composition has a PVC of about 4 to about 55and a pigment binder ratio of about 0.10 to about 3.0.
 2. Thecomposition of claim 1, wherein the nanoparticle metal oxide pigmentcomprises zinc oxide.
 3. The composition of claim 1, wherein thenanoparticle metal oxide pigment comprises particles having an averageparticle size of less than about 100 nanometers.
 4. The composition ofclaim 3, wherein the nanoparticle metal oxide pigment comprisesparticles having an average particle size of between about 30 nanometersand about 65 nanometers.
 5. The composition of claim 1, wherein thefirst acrylic primer binder consists essentially of acrylic.
 6. Thecomposition of claim 1, wherein the second acrylic topcoat binderconsists essentially of acrylic.
 7. The composition of claim 1, whereinthe first acrylic primer binder comprises self-crosslinking polymer. 8.The composition of claim 1, wherein the first acrylic binder comprises a100% acrylic binder intended for use as a primer vehicle.
 9. Thecomposition of claim 1, wherein the ratio of the first primer binder tothe second topcoat binder is about 80:20.
 10. The composition of claim 1further comprising a third binder.
 11. The composition of claim 1,wherein the ratio of the first binder to the second binder is about80:20.
 12. A process for producing a paint composition comprising thesteps of: dispersing a pigmentary-sized pigment in a solvent to form adispersion; mixing the dispersion with grind additives; adding a firstacrylic primer binder and a second topcoat acrylic binder to thedispersion; and adding letdown additives to the dispersion, wherein theresulting composition includes a PVC of about 4 to about 55 and apercentage of solid by weight of between about 30 and about
 55. 13. Theprocess of claim 12, wherein the nanoparticle metal oxide pigmentcomprises zinc oxide.
 14. The process of claim 12, wherein thenanoparticle metal oxide pigment comprises particles having an averageparticle size of less than 100 nanometers.
 15. The process of claim 12,wherein the nanoparticle metal oxide pigment comprises particles havingan average particle size of between about 30 nanometers and about 65nanometers.
 16. The process of claim 12, wherein the step of adding thefirst acrylic primer binder includes adding a 100% acrylic binder. 17.The composition of claim 10, wherein the step of adding the secondtopcoat acrylic binder includes adding a 100% acrylic binder.
 18. Thecomposition of claim 10, wherein the first acrylic primer bindercomprises a self-crosslinking polymer.
 19. The composition of claim 10,wherein the first acrylic binder comprises a 100% acrylic binder. 20.The composition of claim 1, wherein the ratio of the first binder to thesecond binder is about 80:20.
 21. A coated substrate comprising: asubstrate; and a coating on the substrate having: a first binder and asecond binder; a pigmentary-sized pigment; and a nanoparticle-sizedpigment.
 22. The coated substrate of claim 21, wherein the nanoparticlemetal oxide pigment comprises zinc oxide.
 23. The coated substrate ofclaim 21, wherein the nanoparticle metal oxide pigment comprisesparticles having an average particle size of less than 100 nanometers.24. The coated substrate of claim 21, wherein the nanoparticle metaloxide pigment comprises particles having an average particle size ofbetween about 30 nanometers and about 65 nanometers.
 25. The coatedsubstrate of claim 21, wherein the first acrylic primer binder is 100%acrylic.
 26. The coated substrate of claim 21, wherein the secondacrylic topcoat binder is 100% acrylic.
 27. The coated substrate ofclaim 21, wherein the first acrylic binder comprises a self-crosslinkingpolymer.
 28. The coated substrate of claim 21, wherein the first acrylicbinder comprises a 100% acrylic binder intended for use as a primervehicle.
 29. The coated substrate of claim 21, wherein the ratio of thefirst binder to the second binder is about 80:20.
 30. The coatedsubstrate of claim 21 further comprising a third binder.
 31. A paintcomprising: a first binder comprised of 100% acrylic primer binder; asecond binder; and a nanoscale metal oxide.
 32. The paint of claim 31,wherein the nanoscale metal oxide pigment comprises zinc oxide.
 33. Thepaint of claim 31, wherein the nanoscale metal oxide pigment comprisesparticles having an average particle size of less than 100 nanometers.34. The paint of claim 33, wherein the nanoparticle metal oxide pigmentcomprises particles having an average particle size of between about 30nanometers and about 65 nanometers.
 35. The paint of claim 29, whereinat least one of the first acrylic binder and second acrylic binder is100% acrylic.
 36. The paint of claim 29, wherein the first acrylicbinder comprises a self-crosslinking polymer.
 37. The paint of claim 29,wherein the ratio of the first binder to the second binder is about80:20.